Something to smile about: keeping teeth, gums healthy

Much like a house or car, the body requires maintenance, including the teeth and gums. However, many people may not be aware of the best ways to take care of their teeth and gums and which foods can contribute to good oral health.

According to Dr. David Russell, associate professor and associate dean of clinical affairs at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine in Boston, good oral health, good eating habits and good general health are all linked.

"Your teeth are meant to last as long as you do, and there are easy steps you can take to maintain oral health," said Russell.

Most cases of tooth decay and gum disease are caused by a buildup of plaque, a combination of food, saliva and bacteria that settles on teeth. If it is not removed each day with brushing and flossing, plaque will harden into tartar, which is difficult to remove with home care.

Problems caused by plaque and tartar include:

•Cavities: soft areas in teeth that can promote tooth decay.

•Gingivitis: swollen gums that can cause more serious disease if left untreated.

•Periodontal disease: disease of the gums and jawbone that can lead to tooth loss.

•Abscess: infection that can arise from an untreated cavity or tooth infection.

•Toothaches, bad breath or inability to use teeth.

Plaque and tartar can also contribute to a range of health problems outside the mouth, including higher risk of heart disease, stroke and certain types of cancer.

Besides visiting a dental hygienist/dentist at least twice each year for professional cleanings and oral exams, Russell suggests these easy tips for keeping teeth and mouth healthy.

•Brush teeth at least twice a day and, if possible, after meals and before bedtime. Use a softbristled brush and angle it into the gumline and between teeth, where most plaque gets trapped. Be gentle when brushing; scrubbing isn't needed to remove plaque. Replace toothbrushes every three to four months and more frequently for children.

•Use a toothpaste that contains fluoride. Fluoride, a mineral that helps harden tooth enamel, can protect teeth from cavities and tooth decay.

•Use dental floss each day to clean around and between teeth and under the gumline. Ask a dental hygienist to demonstrate how to floss.

•Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol. Smokers and other tobacco users are more likely to develop gum disease than those who don't use tobacco. Excessive tobacco and alcohol use increases the risk of oral and throat cancers, especially when used in combination.

•Eat healthful foods to help the body defend against oral infections. Avoid high-sugar or highstarch snacks that can promote tooth decay. Aim for at least two servings of calcium a day to keep teeth strong. Calcium-rich foods include milk products, green leafy vegetables and canned fish with soft bones, such as salmon and sardines.

•Drink plenty of water or other healthful liquids, which will help prevent bacteria from settling on teeth. For those who take medications that cause dry mouth, increase fluid intake or try chewing sugarless gum.

Even with careful brushing and flossing, some plaque will develop. At regular cleanings, dental hygienists can remove this plaque. A dentist will also make sure there are no signs of oral cancer, check for tooth decay and inspect for receding gums, which can signal gum disease.

This story is provided by North American Precis Syndicate Inc.